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(d)    strengthen cooperation, communication, and consultation
                                     among the Parties in the field of sanitary and phytosanitary
                                     measures; and

                              (e)    encourage  the  Parties’  participation  in  the  development
                                     and  adoption  of  international  standards,  guidelines,  and
                                     recommendations.


                       Article 5.3: Scope

                       This Chapter shall apply to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures of
                       the  Parties,  which  may,  directly  or  indirectly,  affect  trade  among  the
                       Parties.


                       Article 5.4: General Provision

                       Each Party affirms its rights and obligations with respect to each other
                       Party under the SPS Agreement.


                       Article 5.5: Equivalence

                       1.     The  Parties  shall  strengthen  cooperation  on  equivalence  in
                              accordance with the SPS Agreement while taking into account the
                              relevant  decisions  of  the  WTO  Committee  on  Sanitary  and
                              Phytosanitary  Measures  (hereinafter  referred  to  as  “WTO  SPS
                              Committee”  in  this  Chapter)  and  international  standards,
                              guidelines, and recommendations.

                       2.     An importing Party shall recognise the equivalence of a sanitary
                              or  phytosanitary  measure  if  an  exporting  Party  objectively
                              demonstrates  to  the  importing  Party  that  the  exporting  Party’s
                              measure achieves the same level of protection as the importing
                              Party’s measure, or that the exporting Party’s measure has the
                              same effect in achieving the objective as the importing Party’s
                              measure.

                       3.     In  determining  the  equivalence  of  a  sanitary  or  phytosanitary
                              measure,  the  importing  Party  shall  take  into  account  available
                              knowledge, information, and experience, as well as the regulatory
                              competence, of the exporting Party.

                       4.     A Party shall, upon request, enter into consultation with the aim
                              of  achieving  bilateral  recognition  arrangements  on  the




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