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Agreement, and the Annex and Appendix to the Annex to the TRIPS
                       Agreement.


                       Article 11.40: Experimental Use of a Patent

                       Without  limiting  Article  11.38  (Exceptions  to  Rights  Conferred),  each
                       Party shall provide that any person may do an act that would otherwise
                                                                                      34
                       infringe a patent if the act is done for experimental purposes  relating to
                       the subject matter of a patented invention.


                       Article 11.41: Procedural Aspects of Examination and Registration

                       1.     The Parties recognise the importance of improving the quality and
                              efficiency of their respective patent systems as well as simplifying
                              and  streamlining  the  procedures  and  processes  of  their
                              respective competent authorities for the benefit of all users of their
                              respective patent systems and the public as a whole.

                       2.     Each Party shall provide a patent system, which includes:

                              (a)    a requirement to provide to the applicant a communication
                                     in writing of the reasons for a refusal to grant a patent;

                              (b)    an opportunity for the applicant to make amendments and
                                     observations in connection with their applications;
                                                                                          35

                              (c)    an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation
                                     to a patent before it has been granted:

                                     (i)    file an opposition against the patent application; or

                                     (ii)   provide  the  competent  authority  with  information
                                            that  could  deny  novelty  or  inventive  step  of  an
                                            invention claimed in the patent application;



                       34   For  greater  certainty,  each  Party  may  determine,  consistent  with  Article  11.38
                       (Exceptions to Rights Conferred), what acts fall within the meaning of “experimental
                       purposes”.

                       35  For the purposes of this subparagraph, the Parties understand that “amendments”
                       may include corrections and “observations” may include explanations or responses to
                       a finding on its application by the competent authority whether or not such response is
                       given in conjunction with an amendment or correction to the application.





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