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4.5 Coordination between organisations under the Memorandums
           of Understanding (MOUs) and the Election Commission of Thailand: the
           implementation by organisations under these MOUs involves direct coordination

           between the Election Commission of Thailand and department-level agencies
           without going through ministry-level agencies. This caused lacking unified direction
           in workflow implementation of MOUs. Moreover, regional-level agencies under
           these MOUs do not fully understand their roles in carrying out these initiatives.
                      5. Observations of the Election Commission of Thailand

                        5.1 Supporting and promoting knowledge and education to the public
           about politics in a democratic regime under the King’s Head of State and political
           participation through various training courses on a continuing basis.
                        5.2 Creating quality citizens by focusing on formulating correct
           knowledge and understanding among the people about the democratic regime under
           the King’s Head of State and building an inclusive civic participation in the

           democratic regime under the King’s Head of State because civic participation is the
           heart of democratic governance.
                        5.3 Promoting political participation and assistance in election
           monitoring by allowing citizens to participate in election monitoring and
           disseminating correct knowledge, which led to the inclusion of subject contents

           in the Thai Reserve Officer Training Corps Student (TROTCS) handbook
           for all grades, creation of a handbook to provide guideline for organising
           learning activities in the social studies subject group at all levels, assigning
           “Active Citizen” as a compulsory subject for students in the Faculty of Education in
           38 Rajabhat Universities, and creating special subjects for the Election Commission’s
           voluntary scouts.
                        5.4 Seeking a collaborative network of organisations to drive

           democratisation. This can be seen from the signing of the memorandum of cooperation
           with the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Health,
           the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, and the Ministry of Higher
           Education, Science, Research and Innovation, King Prajadhipok’s Institute, promoting
           participation of community organisation councils and private organisations.

                        5.5 Strengthening the sustainable process of establishing correct
           knowledge on the democratic regime under the King’s Head of State by establishing
           knowledge through the development process of teaching and learning guidelines and
           activities to establish democratic education in all sectors.
                        5.6 Developing standards, procedures, and methods for conducting
           elections, selections, and referendums to be more efficient and accepted by all sectors

           of society at both the national and international levels. By providing accessibility
           and convenience in exercising voting rights, ensuring that election process is honest,
           just and lawful.

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